Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month

 March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to increasing awareness about colorectal cancer, encouraging screening, and promoting prevention.

Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine responsible for absorbing water and storing waste before it leaves the body. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, but it is also one of the most preventable and treatable when detected early.

Why Awareness Matters

According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. However, regular screening can detect precancerous polyps, small growths in the colon or rectum, before they turn into cancer. Removing these polyps significantly reduces the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Who Should Be Screened

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that adults at average risk begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. People with certain risk factors may need to start screening earlier.

Risk factors may include:

• Family history of colorectal cancer or colon polyps

   

• Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)

   

• Certain inherited genetic conditions

   

• Lifestyle factors such as smoking, heavy alcohol use, physical inactivity, or diets high in processed meats

   

Common Screening Options

• Colonoscopy – a procedure that examines the entire colon and allows removal of polyps during the exam

   

• Stool-based tests that check for hidden blood or abnormal DNA in stool samples

   

• Flexible sigmoidoscopy or imaging tests that evaluate parts of the colon

   

Regular screening is important because early colorectal cancer often causes no symptoms.

Possible Warning Signs

While early stages may not cause symptoms, potential signs to discuss with a healthcare provider include:

• Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stool)

   

• Blood in the stool

   

• Unexplained weight loss

   

• Ongoing abdominal discomfort

   

• Fatigue or weakness

   

These symptoms can be caused by many conditions, but they should always be evaluated.

Prevention, Lifestyle, and Holistic Health

A holistic approach to health considers how lifestyle, nutrition, physical activity, stress, and overall wellness contribute to disease prevention. While screening remains the most effective way to detect colorectal cancer early, healthy lifestyle habits can also support colon health and reduce risk.

Lifestyle practices that support colorectal health include:

• Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fiber, and whole grains

   

• Maintaining regular physical activity

   

• Limiting processed and red meats

   

• Avoiding tobacco use

   

• Moderating alcohol intake

   

• Maintaining a healthy weight

   

• Supporting overall wellness through stress management, adequate sleep, and regular medical care

   

Colorectal cancer is highly preventable through screening and early detection. If you are age 45 or older, or have risk factors, talk with your healthcare provider about when and how to begin screening.